1. Basic Identification Information

Parameter	English Specification/Value
IUPAC Name	Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Common Name(s)	Propyl Paraben; Nipasol M; Propyl Parasept; Solbrol P; E216 (EU food additive code)
CAS Registry Number	94-13-3
EC/EINECS Number	202-307-7
Molecular Formula	C₁₀H₁₂O₃
Molecular Weight	180.20 g/mol
Chemical Class	Paraben (ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 1-propanol); broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservative (stronger antifungal activity than methyl/ethyl parabens)

2. Physicochemical Properties

Property Category	Specific Parameter	Specification/Value
Structural Features	Functional Groups	Phenolic hydroxyl (-OH); ester group (-COOCH₂CH₂CH₃); aromatic benzene ring
Physical Appearance	State & Color	White crystalline powder; odorless or faint phenolic odor
	Melting Point	107–109 °C
	Boiling Point	310 °C (lit.; slight decomposition above boiling point)
	Density (25 °C)	1.14 g/cm³ (crystalline form)
Solubility	Polar Solvents	Soluble in ethanol (1 g/1.5 mL), propylene glycol (1 g/3 mL); poorly soluble in water (0.05 g/100 mL at 25 °C, solubility increases in alkaline systems via sodium salt formation)
	Non-polar Solvents	Moderately soluble in cosmetic esters (e.g., isopropyl palmitate); poorly soluble in hexane and mineral oil