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| Parameter Category | Parameter Name | English Value/Specification |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Identification | Chemical Name | 1,2-Octanediol; Octane-1,2-diol |
| Abbreviation/INCI Name | 1,2-Octanediol; OD (abbreviation in formulation) | |
| CAS Registry Number | 1117-86-8 | |
| EINECS/EC Number | 214-261-3 | |
| Molecular Formula | C₈H₁₈O₂ | |
| Molecular Weight | 146.23 g/mol | |
| Chemical Class | Aliphatic diol; cosmetic preservative synergist; humectant; emollient | |
| Physicochemical Properties | Appearance | White crystalline solid (low temperature) or clear, colorless viscous liquid (room temperature, >20°C); odorless |
| Melting Point | 18–22 °C (lit.; melts into liquid at ambient room temperature) | |
| Boiling Point | 239–240 °C (lit.); slight decomposition above 245 °C | |
| Density (20 °C) | 0.928–0.935 g/cm³ (liquid form) | |
| Water Solubility (25 °C) | Slightly soluble (~2.0 g/100 mL); solubility increases with temperature and presence of cosolvents (e.g., propylene glycol) | |
| Organic Solvent Solubility | Fully miscible with ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, cosmetic esters, and silicone oils; partially soluble in mineral oil | |
| pH Value (5% Aqueous Dispersion) | 5.0–7.0 (neutral range, no impact on formulation pH) | |
| LogP (Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient) | 2.3–2.5 (balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic property, suitable for transdermal delivery) | |
| Stability | Stable at pH 3.0–10.0 (compatible with all cosmetic systems); UV-stable; non-hygroscopic; resistant to hydrolysis under normal conditions | |
| Biological Activity | Core Functions | Preservative synergist (boosts efficacy of phenoxyethanol/EHG/IPBC); humectant (retains skin moisture); mild antimicrobial (against Gram-positive bacteria) |
| Mechanism of Action (Synergist) | Disrupts microbial cell membrane fluidity, enhances penetration of co-preservatives, and reduces their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 20–40% | |
| Effective Concentration Range | 0.5–2.0% (cosmetic/personal care as synergist); 1.0–3.0% (as humectant/emollient); 0.3–1.0% (mild antimicrobial) | |
| Antimicrobial Spectrum (alone) | Weak bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes; no antifungal/mold activity (requires pairing with dedicated antifungals) |
